{"id":1022,"date":"2026-05-15T05:14:46","date_gmt":"2026-05-14T22:14:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/blog.datacore.vn\/?p=1022"},"modified":"2026-05-15T05:14:49","modified_gmt":"2026-05-14T22:14:49","slug":"du-lieu-huan-luyen-ai-3-chi-phi-an","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blog.datacore.vn\/vi\/du-lieu-huan-luyen-ai-3-chi-phi-an\/","title":{"rendered":"D\u1eef li\u1ec7u hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n AI: 3 chi ph\u00ed \u1ea9n c\u1ee7a l\u1ed1i t\u1eaft t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0110\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 7\/2024, c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi “th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ti\u1ebfp theo s\u1ebd l\u1ea5y d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n AI<\/strong> t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u” kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft. V\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng khai tr\u00ean internet \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1t ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u00e3o h\u00f2a, trong khi nhu c\u1ea7u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n AI ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t ngu\u1ed3n cung d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, t\u1ee9c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n do ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c sinh ra, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u b\u00ean \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u01b0 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t b\u00e0i b\u00e1o c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 trong th\u00e1ng \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00ean arXiv, “Regurgitative Training: The Value of Real Data in Training Large Language Models” c\u1ee7a Zhang, Qiao, Yang v\u00e0 Wei, \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n AI t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng? K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 n\u00e0o \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh AI c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng l\u1ed1i t\u1eaft t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i nh\u01b0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam. (Xem th\u00eam g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i trong b\u00e0i T\u1eeb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/a>.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u00f3m t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n hai th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m song song v\u1ec1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n AI. H\u1ecd fine-tune GPT-3.5 tr\u00ean t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 d\u1ecbch m\u00e1y v\u1edbi hai lo\u1ea1i d\u1eef li\u1ec7u: b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n do c\u00e1c LLM kh\u00e1c sinh ra. Sau \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n th\u00eam c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh transformer t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi c\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n. Trong c\u1ea3 hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n AI do m\u00e1y sinh ra \u0111\u1ec1u cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 k\u00e9m h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng n\u00f3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o ra n\u00f3. C\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 ch\u1ec9 ra hai c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf trong d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n AI t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t kh\u00e1 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n: d\u1eef li\u1ec7u do LLM sinh ra c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 l\u1ed7i cao h\u01a1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng do ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ee9 hai th\u00fa v\u1ecb h\u01a1n: \u0111\u1ea7u ra c\u1ee7a LLM c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. V\u0103n b\u1ea3n m\u00e1y, theo m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. H\u1ecdc tr\u00ean ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i h\u1eb9p \u0111\u00f3, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh k\u1ebf th\u1eeba lu\u00f4n s\u1ef1 h\u1eb9p \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u00f3m kh\u00f4ng d\u1eebng \u1edf ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n. H\u1ecd th\u1eed ba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c. H\u1ecd x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 cho m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c m\u1eabu m\u00e1y c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao tr\u01b0\u1edbc. H\u1ecd tr\u1ed9n \u0111\u1ea7u ra t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u LLM kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ph\u1ed5 t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ecd hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1eabu t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0o tr\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n theo \u0111\u00f3. M\u1ed7i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n c\u00f3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch. K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i b\u00e1o th\u1eb3ng th\u1eafn: d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n AI th\u1ef1c do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o “kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p do LLM sinh ra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00ec sao \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n AI ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Trong ti\u1ebfng Anh, ngu\u1ed3n cung v\u0103n b\u1ea3n th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i x\u00e2y m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n AI t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p b\u1eb1ng kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i. Trong ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t, kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp ch\u1ec9 m\u1ee5c tr\u00ean web ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf so v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng Anh, l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p cao, nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 d\u1ecbch m\u00e1y ho\u1eb7c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n t\u1ef1 sinh. Ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i g\u1ed1c m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u01b0\u1edbng ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t \u0111ang d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 h\u1eb9p s\u1eb5n. B\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh khan hi\u1ebfm d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00f3i chung c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp trong b\u00e0i 5 sai l\u1ea7m tra c\u1ee9u doanh nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ebfu ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n AI ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t kh\u00e1 kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu. L\u1ed1i t\u1eaft d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p l\u00e0m tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng th\u00eam v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u1ed1n c\u00f3, thay v\u00ec gi\u1ea3i n\u00f3. M\u1ed7i th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea7u ra m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o t\u1eadp hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i thu h\u1eb9p ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i th\u00eam m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat. Hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng “regurgitation” v\u1ed1n nh\u1eb9 v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng Anh, l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf n\u00ean g\u1eaft h\u01a1n \u1edf m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef nh\u1ecf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Logic n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho fine-tune v\u00e0 alignment. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u preference cho RLHF l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u ra m\u00e1y s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1edf th\u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y. C\u00e1c ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda hallucination do LLM so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00fang nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00f9 c\u1ee7a LLM. M\u1eabu SFT do m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 vi\u1ebft th\u01b0\u1eddng nghe r\u1ea5t tr\u00f4i ch\u1ea3y nh\u01b0ng b\u1ecf s\u00f3t s\u1eafc th\u00e1i v\u0103n h\u00f3a m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fa th\u00edch s\u1ebd b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngay. Sai s\u1ed1 t\u00edch l\u0169y qua t\u1eebng v\u00f2ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n AI ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u1ea5t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t li\u00ean quan tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. S\u00e1u thanh \u0111i\u1ec7u, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1eef B\u1eafc, Trung, Nam c\u00f3 v\u1ed1n t\u1eeb kh\u00e1c nhau \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111o \u0111\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng pha tr\u1ed9n ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u1edbi t\u1eeb vay ti\u1ebfng Anh v\u00e0 H\u00e1n Vi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn v\u0103n b\u1ea3n b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t d\u1ea5u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed7i \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 mang th\u00f4ng tin th\u1ef1c, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c LLM hi\u1ec7n nay ch\u01b0a t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. M\u1ed9t t\u1eadp hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p do m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ph\u1eb3ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y vi\u1ebft ra s\u1ebd hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh sau l\u00e0m ph\u1eb3ng th\u00eam n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111ang x\u00e2y g\u00ec cho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n AI<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng trong n\u01b0\u1edbc cho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n AI do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh. C\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng crowdsourcing, h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t nh\u1ecf \u0111ang c\u1ea1nh tranh trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 n\u0103m n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n ch\u01b0a c\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 l\u00e0 QuestLab<\/a>, m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng crowdsourcing x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, t\u1ef1 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 tr\u00ean trang ch\u1ee7 l\u00e0 “n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u1ed1 1 Vi\u1ec7t Nam” v\u1edbi m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi h\u01a1n 50.000 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Danh m\u1ee5c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd bao tr\u00f9m \u0111\u00fang nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 Zhang et al. ch\u1ec9 ra: d\u1eef li\u1ec7u preference cho RLHF v\u00e0 reward modeling, ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c (hallucination audits) \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n tin c\u1eady, t\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u instruction cho SFT, g\u00e1n nh\u00e3n \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 video.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ecd c\u0169ng cung c\u1ea5p OCR cho t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t vi\u1ebft tay v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, thu \u00e2m gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i \u0111a v\u00f9ng mi\u1ec1n, v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m duy\u1ec7t n\u1ed9i dung. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng l\u00e0m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba nh\u01b0 ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u00e1n v\u00e0 mystery shopping, m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi nh\u1eafc h\u1eefu \u00edch r\u1eb1ng h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u con ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ebfm khi ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nhu c\u1ea7u AI.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec3m c\u1ea7n ghi nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1ch quan: c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng ki\u1ec3u n\u00e0y ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn l\u00e0 nh\u1edd ng\u1ed3i tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c vi\u00ean ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n. M\u1ed9t t\u1ec7p 50.000 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i con s\u1ed1 marketing \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i AI.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00f3 l\u00e0 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 lu\u1ed3ng g\u00e1n nh\u00e3n ch\u1ea1y song song \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1eef m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao ph\u1ee7, v\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee3t ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh hallucination c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 trong khu v\u1ef1c \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 c\u0169ng v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh theo logic t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i AI Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u1ec9 ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch cho compute v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, coi chi cho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3n t\u00f9y ch\u1ecdn, b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng cho th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9i \u0111\u00f3 \u0111ang \u1edf th\u1ebf b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac so v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m v\u1eady. \u0110\u1ed9i mua d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham kh\u1ea3o c\u00e1ch k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt trong quy tr\u00ecnh mua s\u1eafm t\u1eeb b\u00e0i X\u00e1c minh nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p Vi\u1ec7t Nam 2026.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QuestLab <\/a>l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nhi\u1ec1u b\u00ean tham gia. Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n AI m\u00e0 b\u00e0i b\u00e1o n\u00eau ra, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 b\u00e0i b\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u00e0i to\u00e1n chi ph\u00ed cho ph\u00eda mua.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi kh\u00f3 h\u01a1n<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u m\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 th\u1eed \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc k\u1ef9, v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n m\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed9i AI doanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn khi ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb c\u1eaft. Cho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao h\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Tr\u1ed9n \u0111\u1ea7u ra t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ecd m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh. L\u1ecdc theo m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u1ea3 ba \u0111\u1ec1u h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. C\u1ea3 ba \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u00edch. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n n\u00e0o l\u00e0 thay th\u1ebf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. C\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc h\u1ee3p l\u00fd nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n AI t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n b\u1ed5 tr\u1ee3 h\u1eefu \u00edch cho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1eadt thay th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng m\u1edbi. N\u00f3 c\u1ed9ng h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1edbi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Shumailov et al. (Nature, 2024) v\u1ec1 “model collapse” khi hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec7 quy, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u trong d\u1ecbch m\u00e1y. C\u00e1i Zhang et al. b\u1ed5 sung l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd, c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111ang th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 tri\u1ec3n khai, k\u00e8m ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u cho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n AI t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Ba
Ba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u. C\u1ea3 ba \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u00edch. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n AI.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

3 chi ph\u00ed \u1ea9n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i AI Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u1ea7n t\u00ednh v\u00e0o<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Quay l\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf mua s\u1eafm, ba chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n khi \u0111\u1ed9i AI ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c v\u00e0o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n AI t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u00ean t\u00ednh v\u00e0o ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chi ph\u00ed m\u1ed9t: suy gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u1edf metric h\u1ea1 ngu\u1ed3n.<\/strong> T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 l\u1ed7i cao h\u01a1n trong d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n AI t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea3y th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u ra m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh. V\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c quan tr\u1ecdng (ph\u00e1p l\u00fd, y t\u1ebf, t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh), suy gi\u1ea3m n\u00e0y l\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp cho hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00ednh, ho\u00e0n ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t ni\u1ec1m tin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chi ph\u00ed hai: s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea1t nh\u00f2a v\u1ec1 t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a.<\/strong> S\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng m\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 ghi nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n AI t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p n\u1eb7ng s\u1ebd nghe ph\u1eb3ng h\u01a1n, b\u1ecf qua s\u1eafc th\u00e1i v\u00f9ng mi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 k\u00e9m v\u1edbi t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng long-tail. Chi ph\u00ed th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf gi\u1eef ch\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chi ph\u00ed ba: n\u1ee3 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh d\u1ed3n t\u00edch.<\/strong> M\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n AI t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p r\u1ebb h\u01a1n l\u1ea1i thu h\u1eb9p ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i th\u00eam. Chi ph\u00ed v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh theo qu\u00fd nh\u01b0ng t\u00edch l\u0169y th\u00e0nh tr\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c cho th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e1ng theo d\u00f5i trong 12 th\u00e1ng t\u1edbi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f3 ba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e1ng theo d\u00f5i. M\u1ed9t, li\u1ec7u c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u cho d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n AI t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng. C\u00f3 l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt kh\u1ea3 d\u0129 \u0111\u1ec3 thu h\u1eb9p kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch th\u00eam, th\u00f4ng qua th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, b\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 ensembling \u1edf quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn, v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 n\u00e0o theo c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m ph\u1ea7n “ph\u1ee5 ph\u00ed” c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Hai, li\u1ec7u b\u00ean mua d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch k\u00fd h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb gi\u00e1 theo t\u1eebng t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 sang g\u00f3i thu\u00ea bao quy\u1ec1n truy c\u1eadp m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c vi\u00ean s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u cho th\u1ea5y ph\u00eda mua \u0111ang n\u1ed9i h\u00f3a k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0y. Ba, li\u1ec7u c\u01a1 quan qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u1edf H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i c\u00f3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u coi ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng. Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i th\u00ec ch\u01b0a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ea1m th\u1eddi, k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng l\u00e3ng m\u1ea1n l\u1eafm. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n AI th\u1eadt do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1eaft l\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u00fd do c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c b\u1ecf qua n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft. V\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, v\u1ed1n \u0111ang x\u00e2y tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i g\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ecf s\u1eb5n, l\u00fd l\u1ebd \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n b\u00e1c h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Zhang, J., Qiao, D., Yang, M., & Wei, Q. (2024). Regurgitative Training: The Value of Real Data in Training Large Language Models.<\/em> arXiv:2407.12835. https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2407.12835<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shumailov, I., Shumaylov, Z., Zhao, Y., Papernot, N., Anderson, R., & Gal, Y. (2024). AI models collapse when trained on recursively generated data.<\/em> Nature.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

QuestLab. (Truy c\u1eadp 5\/2026). QuestLab: Vietnam’s Leading Community Data Platform.<\/em> https:\/\/questlab.vn<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0110\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 7\/2024, c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi “th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ti\u1ebfp theo s\u1ebd l\u1ea5y d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n AI t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u” kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft. V\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng khai tr\u00ean internet \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1t ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u00e3o h\u00f2a, trong khi nhu c\u1ea7u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n AI ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":1010,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","_swt_meta_header_display":false,"_swt_meta_footer_display":false,"_swt_meta_site_title_display":false,"_swt_meta_sticky_header":false,"_swt_meta_transparent_header":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19,82],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1022","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog-vi","category-cong-nghe-vi"],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/blog.datacore.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/00-featured.png",1240,640,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/blog.datacore.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/00-featured-150x150.png",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/blog.datacore.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/00-featured-300x155.png",300,155,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/blog.datacore.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/00-featured-768x396.png",768,396,true],"large":["https:\/\/blog.datacore.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/00-featured-1024x529.png",1024,529,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/blog.datacore.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/00-featured.png",1240,640,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/blog.datacore.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/00-featured.png",1240,640,false],"trp-custom-language-flag":["https:\/\/blog.datacore.vn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/00-featured-18x9.png",18,9,true]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Mike","author_link":"https:\/\/blog.datacore.vn\/vi\/author\/mike\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"\u0110\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 7\/2024, c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi “th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ti\u1ebfp theo s\u1ebd l\u1ea5y d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n AI t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u” kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft. V\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng khai tr\u00ean internet \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1t ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u00e3o h\u00f2a, trong khi nhu c\u1ea7u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n AI ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi…","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.datacore.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1022","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.datacore.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.datacore.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.datacore.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/5"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.datacore.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1022"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/blog.datacore.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1022\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1029,"href":"https:\/\/blog.datacore.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1022\/revisions\/1029"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.datacore.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1010"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blog.datacore.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1022"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.datacore.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1022"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blog.datacore.vn\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1022"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}